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- <text id=93TT1274>
- <title>
- Mar. 29, 1993: The Political Interest
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Mar. 29, 1993 Yeltsin's Last Stand
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- The Political Interest, Page 24
- It's the Ruble, Stupid!
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Michael Kramer
- </p>
- <p> It's a stretch to say "As Russia goes, so goes the United
- States," but not by much. "If Boris Yeltsin...is replaced
- by aggressive, hard-line nationalists," Richard Nixon wrote
- recently, "this will have a far greater impact on the American
- economy than all the Clinton domestic programs combined. Aid to...Russia is an investment in peace." As economics has become
- the 1990s equivalent of arms control, so the President's
- informal campaign slogan--"It's the economy, stupid"--may
- now refer as much to Russia's as to America's.
- </p>
- <p> What's not so apparent is how exactly the West should aid
- Russia. (Leave aside President Clinton's ability to sell the
- idea when he is already asking Americans to sacrifice for the
- sake of their own economy, a task made harder since 58% of
- respondents in this week's TIME/CNN poll oppose substantially
- increasing aid to Russia.) The menu of possible assistance
- programs is lengthy, and Clinton is determined that Yeltsin not
- leave empty-handed when the two meet in Canada on April 3,
- assuming they still do. Much of what is being proposed is
- warmed-over Bush Administration stuff, including an innovative
- $2 billion fund the Export-Import Bank would target at Russia's
- sizable oil industry, a plan that acknowledges the money needed
- to remake the country is in the ground. But the benefits of
- aiding Russia's energy sector won't be realized overnight, and
- Senator Bill Bradley's estimable technical-assistance and
- exchange-program ideas will similarly require years to produce
- results.
- </p>
- <p> Russia's immediate problem is its currency. The ruble is
- play money, testimony to John Maynard Keynes' observation that
- "the surest way" to destroy a government is to "debauch its
- currency." Thanks to an unrestrained government printing press
- run by Moscow's central bank (whose chairman is appointed by the
- parliament Yeltsin doesn't control), the ruble supply has
- tripled since last July. Now, with the inflation rate
- approaching 50% a month, no Westerner in his right mind would
- invest in Russia. For Yeltsin, says Michael Mandelbaum, the
- Johns Hopkins University professor who wrote the Clinton
- transition team's Russia memo, "it's a chicken and egg thing.
- He'll never be in firm control politically until the economy
- improves, and the economy won't improve until he takes the the
- tough economic measures he's been constrained from taking
- because he's weak politically." The trick is to get cash to
- Moscow, not loans and credits, which create a debt Russia can't
- service. All the industrialized nations would have to ante up
- (the U.S. share could be as little as $2 billion), and most of
- the money would go for a safety net that would provide
- unemployment insurance and similar assistance for those thrown
- out of work as the economy righted itself. Strict conditions
- would apply, but they would phase in as monetary reform is
- accomplished, not afterward, a crucial change from current
- practice.
- </p>
- <p> Many stabilization programs have failed in the past, but
- unless some attempt is made to cure its hyperinflation, Russia
- could go the way of Weimar Germany following World War I. At
- that time, when the West refused to help rebuild Germany's
- economy, the stage was set for Hitler's rise. Conjuring a
- Russian Hitler may be farfetched, but a Russian dictator with
- nukes surely would distract Clinton from his single-minded focus
- on rebuilding America.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-